TAFSIRI BINAFSI KATIKA NADHARIA YA TAFSIRI: UTHABITI, CHANGAMOTO NA MAPENDEKEZO
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.2023/53532151Abstract
Nadharia ya tafsiri ni taaluma kongwe ulimwenguni ambayo imesaidia kukuza uchumi na maendeleo ya jamii kwa kurahisisha mawasiliano na kuunganisha ulimwengu. Tunapozungumzia tafsiri binafsi ni ile tafsiri inayofanywa na mwandishi wa matini chanzi kwa kuhawilisha mawazo ama ujumbe wa lugha chanzi kwenda lugha lengwa ambayo ni tofauti na ile aliyoitumia kuandikia matini ya awali. Swali la kujiuliza katika mchakato wa kutafsiri matini binafsi ni: je, mfasiri anatafsiri ama anahamisha mawazo yake aliyoyaandika kwa kutumia lugha chanzi na kuyaandika kwa kutumia lugha nyingine (lugha lengwa)? Je, ni mbinu zipi zinazotumika katika kutafsiri matini binafsi? Je, mfasiri binafsi hukumbana na changamoto zipi anapotafsiri matini yake? Kwa hiyo, makala haya inachunguza tafsiri binafsi katika nadharia ya tafsiri ili kubaini mbinu zinazotumika katika tafsiri binafsi, kubainisha changamoto za tafsiri binafsi na kutoa mapendekezo kuhusu tafsiri binafsi katika nadharia ya tafsiri. Ili kufikia malengo hayo, makala haya yametumia mifano ya matini mbili za fasihi, yaani riwaya ya Bwana Myombekere na Bibi Bugonoka Ntutalanalwo na Bulihwali (1980) iliyoandikwa na kutafsiriwa na Anicent Kitereza na tamthiliya ya Mtawa Mweusi (1970) ambayo ni tafsiri ya The Black Hermit (1968) tamthiliya iliyoandikwa na Ngugi wa Thiong’o na kisha kuitafsiri kwa lugha ya Kiswahili. Data za makala haya zilikusanywa kwa kutumia mbinu tatu, yaani mbinu ya usomaji wa machapisho, dodoso na usaili. Kwa kutumia Nadharia ya Ulinganifu, makala haya yanajadili kuwa tafsiri binafsi ni ile ambayo huzingatia nadharia na vitendo, kwa hiyo, mfasiri hukumbana na changamoto za kiisimu, kiutamaduni na kimaana katika mchakato wa tafsiri kama ilivyo katika tafsiri inayofanywa na mtu mwingine. Kwa hiyo, ujuzi wa lugha, utamaduni na nadharia za tafsiri ni mambo ya msingi katika kufanikisha mawasiliano ya kazi ya tafsiri bila kujali ni tafsiri binafsi au tafsiri inayofanywa na mtu mwingine.
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